TWO:I said that the promptness of punishment is more useful, because the shorter the interval of time between the punishment and the misdeed, the stronger and the more lasting in the human mind is the association of these ideas, crime and punishment, so that insensibly they come to be considered, the one as the cause and the other as its necessary and inevitable consequence. It is a proved fact that the association of ideas is the cement of the whole fabric of the human intellect, and that without it pleasure and pain would be isolated and ineffective feelings. The further removed men are from general ideas and universal principles, that is, the more commonplace they are, the more they act by their immediate and nearest associations, to the neglect of remoter and more complex ones, the latter being of service only[187] to men strongly impassioned for a given object of pursuit, inasmuch as the light of attention illuminates a single object, whilst it leaves the others obscure. They are also of service to minds of a higher quality, because, having acquired the habit of running rapidly over many subjects at a time, they possess facility in placing in contrast with one another many partial feelings, so that the result of their thoughts, in other words, their action, is less perilous and uncertain.
THREE:CHAPTER XVII. BANISHMENT AND CONFISCATIONS.
THREE: From this necessity of the favour of other people arose private duels, which sprang up precisely in an anarchical state of the laws. It is said they were unknown to antiquity, perhaps because the ancients did not meet suspiciously armed in the temples, the theatres, or with friends; perhaps because the duel was an ordinary and common sight, presented to the people by gladiators, who were slaves or low people, and freemen disdained to be thought and called private gladiators. In vain has it been sought to extirpate the custom by edicts of death against any man accepting a challenge, for it is founded on that which some men fear more than death; since without the favour of his fellows the man of honour foresees himself exposed either to become a merely solitary being, a condition insufferable to a sociable man, or to become the butt of insults and disgrace which, from their constant operation, prevail over the fear of punishment. Why is it that the lower orders do not for the most part fight duels like the great? Not only because they are disarmed, but because the need of the favour of others is less general among the people[213] than among those who, in higher ranks, regard themselves with greater suspicion and jealousy.The lighting of a city by night at the public expense; the distribution of guards in the different quarters; simple moral discourses on religion, but only in the silent and holy quiet of churches, protected by public authority; speeches on behalf of private and public interests in national assemblies, parliaments, or wherever else the majesty of sovereignty residesall these are efficacious means for preventing the dangerous condensation of popular passions. These means are a principal branch of that magisterial vigilance which the French call police; but if this is exercised by arbitrary laws, not laid down in a code of general circulation, a door is opened to tyranny,[221] which ever surrounds all the boundaries of political liberty. I find no exception to this general axiom, that Every citizen ought to know when his actions are guilty or innocent. If censors, and arbitrary magistrates in general, are necessary in any government, it is due to the weakness of its constitution, and is foreign to the nature of a well organised government. More victims have been sacrificed to obscure tyranny by the uncertainty of their lot than by public and formal cruelty, for the latter revolts mens minds more than it abases them. The true tyrant always begins by mastering opinion, the precursor of courage; for the latter can only show itself in the clear light of truth, in the fire of passion, or in ignorance of danger.
A hydrocyclone (liquid cyclone) injects treatment solution into stationary equipment to perform separation, classification, and concentration, and is an innovative separator with a very simple structure and no drive unit.
Structure of a hydrocyclone (liquid cyclone)
A suspension containing fine particles of several micrometers or more is supplied to a cylindrical container circumferentially at high speed. And as a result it starts to rotate and a centrifugal force is generated. At this time a gravitational acceleration of several tens of thousands of G is generated in the circumferential direction, and thus leading to fast sedimentation and concentration of the fine particles. The separated concentration can be freely selected by changing the supply rate (supply pressure and flow rate) and the flow ratio of the outlet. Our hydrocyclone (liquid cyclone) was designed and manufactured to classify and concentrate fine particles, and so has a small element.
- Equipment costs can be reduced.
- Operating costs can be reduced.
- Maintenance costs can be reduced.
- Any change in raw material and product can be easily addressed.
- Large amounts can be treated in a small area.
- Separation and cleaning are easy because of the simple structure.
- Simplified control
- This equipment can be operated in synchronization with external devices.
- Alarm and interlock mechanism.
- Classification and concentration for the manufacture of inorganic powder materials
- Classification of ceramic materials
- Removal of fine particles, including iron powder
- Removal of fine particles from pigments
- Removal of fine organic particles from solvents
- Separation of starch and yeast
- Removal of fine particles from high-temperature strong acid solutions
- Removal of fine particles from low-temperature solutions
- Product guide
- Alcohol distillation
- Distillation equipment
- High-purity distillation system
- Membrane separation type solvent dehydration system
- Reactor
- Evaporative concentration equipment
- Coulter spray dryer
- Microwave treatment system
- Filter dryer
- OS filter (continuous vacuum rotating filter)
- Hydrocyclone (liquid cyclone)
- Thermal oil heater (heat medium boiler)
- Process air heater (air heater)
- Ammonia treatment system
- Catalytic deodorizing equipment for ammonia and VOC gas
- Stationary cryogenic storage tank
- Portable cryogenic container
- Cryogenic liquefied gas evaporator